Types of Communication
If we take communication as, “………… the giving, receiving or exchange of information, opinions or ideas by writing, speech or visual means ………….” Sillars, 1994, it therefore follows that there are 3 types of communication namely:
- Written Communication
- Verbal Communication
- Visual Communication
Some authorities say there are 2 types of communication namely:
- Written Communication
- Verbal Communication
The above typology is based on channels of communication, but the types of communication can be further subdivided based on communication style, locus and direction of communication as follows:
- Verbal and Non-Verbal
- Face to Face and Distance
- Formal and Informal
- Personal and Impersonal
- Internal and External
- Lateral and Horizontal
Therefore whether there are 2 or 3 or more types of communication, one can decide on any of the above typologies.
Communication effectiveness can be optimized by matching type of communication (be it channel, style, locus or direction based) with the communication purpose, then crafting the message with that end in mind. Further effectiveness can be achieved by considering the following factors:
Communication Barriers
It is critical to identify communication barriers at each point in the communication process and effectively deal with such to enhance effectiveness of the communication effort. Barriers can be at any point in the communication process from sender to receiver.
Communication Skills
| Verbal Communication Skills |
| Non-Verbal Communication Skills |
| Para-verbal Communication Skills |
| Interpersonal Communication Skills |
| Intrapersonal Communication Skills |
| Group Communication Skills |
| Public Speaking Skills |
| Presentation Skills |
| Written Communication Skills |
| Business Writing Skills |
| Report Writing Skills |
| Proposal Writing Skills |
Communication effectiveness can also be acquired through learning interventions like training, and development, and coaching and mentoring. The communications skills set typically includes the above list.
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